Generally, ferroalloys are prepared by reduction of oxide ores or concentrates with carbon (carbothermic), silicon (silicothermic), or aluminum (aluminothermic). The production and use of titanium as a large-volume construction material yields enough scrap for Fe–Ti containing 70% titanium to be made by melting …
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Many reactive metals are difficult to prepare in pure form without complicated and expensive procedures1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18. Although titanium has many desirable properties ...
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This reaction is thought to be a major contributor to the deposition of iron in titanium during reduction. Two processes for the production of sponge by the Kroll method were developed, the magnesium reduced acid leach process and vacuum distillation process. Both were developed at the same time in the 1950s during the beginning of the …
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An effective and cleaner process to recovery iron, titanium, vanadium, and chromium from Hongge vanadium titanomagnetite with hydrogen-rich gases ... reduction temperature at 1050°C, volume ratio of H 2 to CO of 2.5, melting temperature at 1580°C, melting time of 30 min. Under optimized conditions, after melting separation, …
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The titanium concentrate pellets obtained after reduction in a gas-based shaft furnace are melted and separated in a high-frequency induction furnace, and the …
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Keywords Titanomagnetite Kinetics Lattice energy Reduction Microwave Titanium 1 Introduction Vanadium and titanium are important strategic resources. Vanadium is widely used in special steel, aerospace ... difference in response modes and degrees between iron oxides and titanium oxide to microwave will promote the Ti–Fe separation of local ...
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Direct reduction of iron ore pellets using hydrogen gas has the potential to significantly reduce CO2 emissions from the ironmaking process. In this work, green …
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This could be the main reason for decreased reduction of iron in ilmenite. To accelerate reduction of ilmenite, two factors were considered. One is increasing the reduction driving force...
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A reliable titanium(III) standard solution became necessary when the authors were trying to determine the purity of the perchlorate salt. Perchlorate explosively reacts with organic materials; in contrast, the stoichiometric reduction of perchlo Titanium(III) is often standardized with iron(III).
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In this work, diboron xide and calcium fluoride are applied as composite additives to explore a process suitable for processing low-grade, high-vanadium, ultra-high-titanium vanadium–titanium magnetite. The metallized coal-based direct reduction–electromagnetic separation experiment was conducted. Results show that a …
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The increase in roasting temperature favors the reduction of iron oxides but disfavors the oxidation of vanadium oxides. The recoveries of vanadium, iron, and titanium reached 84.52%, 89.37%, and 95.59%, respectively. Moreover, the acid decomposition efficiency of titanium slag reached 96.45%. Compared with traditional processes, the …
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Among these pathways, only calciothermic reduction and molten salt electrolysis are generally employed for producing metallic titanium directly from titanium oxide (TiO 2) raw material.As shown in Table 8.1, Table 8.2, Table 8.3 and Figure 8.3, Figure 8.4, from a thermodynamic point of view, it is impossible to produce metallic …
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A kind of magnetic iron-titanium oxide catalyst for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 is obtained by the microwave-pyrolysis co-precipitation method. This catalyst is characterized in detail by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, N2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature-programmed …
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Under the condition of reduction temperature of 1050 °C, reduction time of 120 min and gas composition of P(H2)/P(H2 + CO) = 0.72, a magnetic product containing 84.5 wt.% total iron with Fe ...
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Photocatalytic nitrogen (N 2) reduction with iron-titanium dioxide composites (Fe-TiO 2) for ammonium (NH 3) production is of energy effective and environmental friendly.However, the most common used Fe-TiO 2 preparation method is problematic due to the intensive energy. Therefore, development of improved methods …
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The effect of sodium sulfate on direct reduction of beach titanomagnetite, followed by magnetic separation, to separate iron and titanium was investigated. Direct reduced iron (DRI) with a high Fe content, low TiO2 content and low iron recovery was obtained after adding sodium sulfate. When the sodium sulfate dosage was increased …
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Rutile-/anatase-phase TiO 2 has been successfully utilized as a deposition site for non-noble metal species such as Cr, V, and Fe. 36, 37 However, pure titanium has a low surface area (70 m 2 /g) and pore volume (0.3 mL/g); titanium has a wide range of uses in nanoscience as a photo-catalyst; titanium incorporation into alumina to …
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Find Eo and Eo ´ values for selected reduction reactions of various elements, including chlorine, in aqueous solutions. The table provides sources, conditions, and rewritten reactions for each potential.
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An innovative method for recovering valuable elements from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite is proposed. This method involves two procedures: low-temperature roasting of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite and water leaching of roasting slag. During the roasting process, the reduction of iron oxides to metallic iron, the …
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A kind of magnetic iron-titanium oxide catalyst for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO x with NH 3 is obtained by the microwave-pyrolysis co-precipitation method. This catalyst is characterized in detail by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction, N 2 adsorption–desorption, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, temperature …
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The rich titanium–vanadium slag used in the present study was prepared through direct reduction reaction, magnetic separation, and desilication [19].The sample was chemically analyzed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES, Optima 5300DV, Perkin-Elmer, USA) as shown in Table 1.The mineralogical …
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The T 2 and T 3 reduction peaks were both ascribed to Cr 3+/2+ –O x –Ti → Cr 2+ –O x –Ti, because further reduction to metallic Cr 0 does not occur until above 1200 °C [44]. Therefore, in our CrTiO x sample, after the T 2 reduction peak, the majority of Cr species were in the Cr 2+ state, resulting in the formation of an analogous ...
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An innovative method for recovering valuable elements from vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite is proposed. This method involves two procedures: low-temperature roasting of vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite and water leaching of roasting slag. During the roasting process, the reduction of iron oxides to metallic iron, the sodium oxidation …
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The direct reduction iron containing 94.95% iron and 0.75% TiO2, titanium concentrate assaying 31.10% TiO2 were produced under optimal conditions, and metal recovery for both products exceeded 80% ...
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Reduction roasting-magnetic separation realizes the separation of titanium and iron in high-titanium beach titanomagnetite. However, the TiO 2 grade in titanium concentrate is low, and few studies have investigated low-titanium beach titanomagnetite. The preconcentration-reduction roasting and magnetic separation process was …
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Abstract — Oxidation and Reduction of Iron-Titanium Oxides in Chemical Looping Combustion: A Phase-Chemical Description — Ilmenite (FeTiO 3 ) is being explored as an oxygen carrier in...
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Titanium (III) is a useful strong reductant and is usually standardized with iron (III) in volumetric analysis. Iron (III) is widely used as an oxidant and is usually …
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The process was proposed for efficient recovery of iron and titanium. • Direct reduction iron and titanium concentrate were produced. • Calcium fluoride reduced the …
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Nano-scale zero-valent iron (NZVI) is easy to be agglomerated and passivated in the process of U(VI) reduction and fixation. Herein, a facile one-step process for titanium modified beaded segments like nano-zero-valent iron nanoparticles (FTNP) was designed and prepared for U(VI) adsorption-reduction from aqueous solution.
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Vanadium titanomagnetite ore has prominent latent applications in the recovery of iron, vanadium and titanium. In this study, the reduction effect and product characteristics of vanadium titanomagnetite ore using hydrogen as reductant under fluidized bed conditions were investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and …
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Ilmenite (FeTiO3 ) is being explored as an oxygen carrier in chemical looping processes. Its reduction and oxidation are described by the system Fe-Fe2 O3 -TiO2 -Ti2 O3 . The phase diagram at 1 000°C, presented here, offers a useful tool for predicting reactions and their products. We see that Fe2 TiO5 (pseudobrookite) and TiO2 (rutile) …
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While silicon and phosphorus also can be reduced and transferred into metallic iron (eq 6 and eq 8) with temperature higher than 1530℃ and 800℃ respectively, which might result in the decrease of iron purity. The reduction and transfer of titanium oxide into molten iron proved challenging within the temperature range investigated, resulting ...
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Uniform mesoporous iron titanium (CT-FeTi) catalysts were synthesized by a CTAB-assisted process and exhibited good catalytic activity and H 2 O resistance when tested in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO with NH 3 at low temperature. BET, TPD, TPSR and in situ DRIFTS were carried out to reveal the inhibition mechanism of H …
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Oxidation and Reduction of Iron-Titanium Oxides in Chemical Looping Combustion: A Phase-Chemical Description. March 2011; Oil & Gas Science and Technology - Revue de l IFP 66(2):249-263;
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India's steel vision 2030 necessitates the exploitation of low-grade and alternative iron sources as there will be a scarcity of high-grade iron ores. In this context, red mud—a waste product of the aluminum industry—is attempted for recovery of iron values. Red mud is an abundant byproduct rich in iron values generated by the Bayer …
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