Assessing the economics and finances of Artisanal and small-scale gold
1. Introduction. Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) has grown to become the most important non-farm source of rural income in sub-Saharan Africa (Hilson et al., 2021a).The sector is a major source of production of many key minerals such as gold, diamonds, cobalt, tungsten and tantalum (Hilson, 2002; Byemba, 2020; Wakenge et al., …
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